Optimización del mantenimiento del grupo electrógeno hospitalario Scania SME-328i mediante el análisis de criticidad y AMEF

The maintenance of backup energy systems proved essential to sustain the continuity of hospital services. Objective: A preventive maintenance plan was created to improve the reliability and availability of the Scania SME-328i generator set at the "El Carmen" Basic Hospital, identifying key components and their failure modes. Methodology: Historical records of failures and maintenance from the period 2021–2025 were analyzed, the criticality of the main subsystems of the generator was calculated, and a detailed FMEA was applied to the diesel engine, integrating the decision logic of Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) to define preventive and predictive tasks. Results: The diesel engine concentrated the highest criticality and the highest recurrence of failures, with notable events associated with the cooling and lubrication systems; based on the FMEA, failure modes with higher risk were prioritized and a plan was structured with routine operational inspections, services scheduled every 250–500 hours, and periodic checks of fuel, cooling, lubrication, and electrical control, aimed at reducing start-up failures, overheating, and unavailability. Conclusions: The combination of criticality analysis and FMEA helped direct resources to the most important subsystems, shift maintenance from reactive to proactive, and improve the hospital's operational continuity in the face of electrical problems.