Epidemiological Profile of Onychomycoses at Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital (HMIMV), Rabat, Morocco, 2024–2025

A retrospective study in the Parasitology–Mycology Department of Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital from 01/01/2024 to 01/01/2025 examined 970 nail samples taken for suspected onychomycosis. Four hundred cases were confirmed (41.24%). The mean age was 52.73 ± 16.52 years (2–93 years), with a male predominance (59%, sex ratio 1.44). Patients aged 51–60 years (26.0%) and 61–70 years (20.75%) made up nearly half of the cohort. Diabetes was the main predisposing factor (22%), far ahead of iatrogenic immunosuppression (6.5%); HIV infection was exceptional (0.25%). Most positive samples came from the foot (80.75%). The delay between lesion onset and sampling was under ten years in most cases (mean 5.55 years). Dermatophytes predominated (91.75%), almost exclusively Trichophyton rubrum (91.0%), followed by yeasts (7.75%, mainly Candida albicans); non-dermatophytic moulds were rare (0.5%). Yeasts dominated fingernail samples (77.5%), whereas plantar onychomycosis remained dermatophytic. This profile shows a marked dermatophytic pattern shaped by age and cardiometabolic conditions.