LATERITE IN CONSTRUCTION: A REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS, PROPERTIES, AND SUSTAINABILITY

Laterite, a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium oxides, has been widely used in construction across tropical regions due to its abundance, workability, and durability. This review consolidates historical, engineering, and modern perspectives on laterite as a building material. Traditional applications include monumental archi- tecture, vernacular housing, and colonial structures, while contemporary uses extend to blocks and bricks, road bases, stabilised earth blocks, and decorative facades. The review examines laterite’s physical and chemical properties, moderate strength, high plasticity, porosity, and oxide-rich composition, which underpin its performance in construction. Stabilisation techniques with lime, cement, and bitumen are dis- cussed as essential for enhancing durability and water resistance. Laterite’s sustain- ability potential is emphasised, as it is locally available, low-carbon, and thermally efficient, aligning with global goals for eco-friendly housing and infrastructure. Chal- lenges such as variability in composition, susceptibility to weathering, and strength limitations are also addressed. Overall, this review highlights laterite’s enduring rele- vance as a construction material, bridging traditional practices with modern sustain- able solutions.