SLEEP DISORDERS AND NEUROCOGNITIVE IMPACT

Sleep disorders represent a major public health concern and are strongly associated with significant impairments in neurocognitive functioning and overall quality of life. This chapter aims to analyze the impact of major sleep disorders—such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and chronic sleep deprivation—on neurocognitive processes, including attention, memory, executive functions, and processing speed. The methodology is based on a narrative and integrative review of international literature, drawing on empirical studies and systematic reviews published in reputable scientific databases, with emphasis on evidence produced by well-established authors in the field of sleep neuroscience. The results demonstrate that disruptions in sleep architecture and circadian rhythm regulation negatively affect neural plasticity, neurochemical balance, and memory consolidation, thereby increasing the risk of cognitive deficits, psychiatric disorders, and functional decline. Furthermore, the severity and duration of sleep disturbances are directly associated with the extent of neurocognitive impairment. It is concluded that early identification and proper management of sleep disorders are essential for maintaining brain health, highlighting the importance of preventive strategies, evidence-based clinical interventions, and a more integrated approach linking sleep, cognition, and mental health in both clinical and scientific contexts.