The Evolution of Social Work Professionalization in Romania: A Comparative Approach to the Main Theoretical Models

The professionalization of the social work profession in Romania has evolved considerably in recent decades, reflecting broader social, political, and institutional transformations. Key developments include the establishment of a legal framework for the practice of social work, the creation and consolidation of the National College of Social Workers (CNASR), the expansion of university-level social work education, and increased access to non-reimbursable funding for infrastructure development. These efforts have contributed to strengthening the role and visibility of social workers within the welfare system. However, numerous systemic challenges persist. The social work sector continues to face a shortage of qualified professionals, limited financial resources, excessive bureaucracy, and weak coordination between key institutions. Moreover, the profession suffers from low public recognition, which hampers both the recruitment and retention of skilled practitioners. This article examines the current state of professionalization in Romanian social work, highlighting both achievements and critical areas in need of reform. It argues that sustained investment in continuing professional development, digital transformation, and coherent public policies is essential for building a more effective and resilient system. Strengthening interinstitutional collaboration and elevating the status of social workers are also crucial for addressing the complex social needs of vulnerable populations.