Climate-Driven Phenological Changes in Butea monosperma: Implications for Conservation and Management from Bhadra Tiger Reserve

Climate change significantly impacts plant phenology, altering key life cycle stages like flowering and fruiting. This study synthesizes research to examine how rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns affect Butea monosperma in Bhadra Tiger Reserve, Chikmagalur. Observational data collected over several years reveal that warmer spring temperatures have advanced flowering times, aligning with findings from Hu et al. (2005) and Menzel et al. (2006). These changes hold implications for both agriculture and natural ecosystems. However, the study also highlights the complex interplay between climate factors and plant physiology, as evidenced by the variable phenological responses (Meier et al., 2021; Kanwar & Sharma, 2023). By identifying natural adaptation strategies, this research provides valuable insights for ecological restoration and conservation under changing climatic conditions. While the study demonstrates a clear link between rainfall, temperature, and Butea monosperma flowering in 2021, this relationship weakens in subsequent years. To better predict and mitigate climate change impacts on vegetation and ecosystems, the authors emphasize the need for long-term monitoring.