Impacto Psicosocial de la Reconstrucción Mamaria Inmediata Versus Diferida: Un Análisis Comparativo en Pacientes Postmastectomía

Mastectomy, a common treatment for breast cancer, carries profound emotional consequences that can affect body image, self-esteem, and psychological well-being. Breast reconstruction is a surgical option that may help mitigate these effects; however, the timing of the procedure—whether immediate or delayed—could significantly influence psychosocial outcomes. This study aimed to compare the psychosocial impact of immediate versus delayed breast reconstruction by using validated tools: the BREAST-Q questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A total of 80 postmastectomy women were included (40 per group), all treated in public healthcare institutions. Variables such as body image, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression were assessed. Results showed that patients undergoing immediate reconstruction reported higher satisfaction with body image (83.5 ± 10.2 vs. 69.2 ± 13.5), greater self-esteem (27.8 ± 3.5 vs. 23.4 ± 4.1), and lower levels of anxiety (6.2 ± 2.8 vs. 9.1 ± 3.4) and depression (5.4 ± 2.1 vs. 8.6 ± 2.7), compared to those with delayed reconstruction (p < 0.01). It is concluded that immediate breast reconstruction significantly enhances the emotional well-being of postmastectomy patients. These findings support the importance of integrating psychosocial considerations into surgical planning and promoting person-centered decision-making in breast cancer care. Equitable access to immediate reconstruction and early emotional support should be prioritized within oncological treatment pathways.