Restricción Calórica y Expresión Génica Relacionada a la Longevidad

This paper presents a literature review on the correlation between caloric restriction and longevity, following the PRISMA methodology guidelines. Keywords such as caloric restriction, longevity, and gene expression were used to conduct the review. Aging is the consequence of the accumulation of a vast range of molecular and cellular damage over time, leading to a decline in physical and mental abilities. It is a complex process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Caloric restriction (CR), defined as a reduction in caloric intake without malnutrition, has been suggested as one of the most promising strategies to extend lifespan and improve health. CR has been documented to delay cellular aging in various species, from yeast to primates, by modulating key metabolic pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular adaptation. CR has been extensively analyzed as an effective approach to increasing longevity and metabolic health, demonstrating its ability to slow aging across different biological models. Cellular response has been observed to modulate the expression of essential genes associated with cellular homeostasis, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress response. Additionally, CR plays a role in regulating fundamental molecular signaling pathways such as mTOR and sirtuins, which are proteins involved in metabolism regulation, inflammation, and DNA repair. Moreover, the inhibitory response of the mTOR pathway promotes autophagy, a fundamental mechanism for eliminating damaged proteins and obsolete cellular organelles, contributing to greater longevity and improved cellular function