Endometriosis: ¿Ecografía Transvaginal o Resonancia Magnética? Evidencia Actual en Diagnóstico por Imagen

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition that affects women of reproductive age and is associated with pelvic pain, menstrual disorders, and infertility. Diagnostic imaging has assumed a central role in its evaluation, enabling a noninvasive approach to the identification and characterization of lesions. The aim of this bibliographic review was to synthesize the available evidence regarding the usefulness of transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostic imaging of endometriosis. To this end, scientific literature published in English and Spanish was reviewed using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Relevant studies assessing the diagnostic performance of both imaging modalities were included. The reviewed evidence indicates that transvaginal ultrasound is the initial imaging technique of choice due to its accessibility and adequate diagnostic performance, particularly for the detection of ovarian endometriomas and deep forms of the disease when performed by experienced operators. Magnetic resonance imaging, in turn, provides greater anatomical detail and allows a more accurate assessment of disease extent, proving especially useful in complex cases and for surgical planning. Overall, both techniques are complementary and contribute to improving the diagnostic evaluation of endometriosis.