Precisión de la Tomografía Computarizada y la Resonancia Magnética en el Diagnóstico de Tumor Neuroectodérmico Primitivo (Tumor De Askin) en la Pared Torácica

Askin tumor is a rare and aggressive primitive neuroectodermal disease that primarily affects the chest wall and occurs more frequently in children and adolescents. This condition is characterized by the formation of small round cells in the thorax, originating from primitive nerve cells. Although many patients may remain asymptomatic, some present with a painful chest wall mass, cough, dyspnea, or rib fractures. Metastases are common and may involve the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs. Diagnosis is facilitated through computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, which help assess tumor extension. Survival depends on surgical resection and chemotherapy treatment, with better outcomes when early detection is achieved. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement to select articles, of which 10 studies were included. The selected articles were obtained from indexed scientific journals. The databases consulted included PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results and Discussion: Imaging diagnosis of Askin tumors, a rare type of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) mainly affecting the chest wall, is based on the use of multiple imaging modalities to evaluate tumor extent and characteristics. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive technique for assessing local extension, computed tomography (CT) is useful for identifying relationships with adjacent structures, and PET-CT is essential for detecting metastases and monitoring disease progression. Conclusion: Askin tumor is a rare disease with uncommon clinical manifestations. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic planning are essential to improve outcomes in patients with PNET. Radiological characteristics play a fundamental role in evaluating tumor extension and the presence of metastases, directly influencing treatment decisions.