Diagnóstico por Imagen de la Disgenesia del Cuerpo Calloso: Evidencia Comparada Entre Ecografía Obstétrica y Resonancia Magnética. Revisión Sistemática

Imaging diagnosis of corpus callosum dysgenesis is essential for the prenatal and postnatal evaluation of cerebral developmental anomalies. Obstetric ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are used in a complementary manner for its detection and characterization, although they differ in diagnostic performance. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze recent evidence on the imaging diagnosis of corpus callosum dysgenesis, comparing obstetric ultrasound, targeted neurosonography, and fetal and postnatal magnetic resonance imaging. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, including studies published between 2020 and 2025 in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Methodological quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. The results indicate that obstetric ultrasound is effective as an initial screening technique, particularly for complete forms, whereas magnetic resonance imaging provides significant added value for detailed anatomical characterization and the detection of associated anomalies. In conclusion, the evidence supports a multimodal diagnostic approach integrating both techniques to optimize diagnostic accuracy.