Impacto Metabólico y Cambios Antropométricos Asociados a las Dietas Detox

Detox diets have become widely popular as strategies for weight loss and metabolic improvement, especially through social media. However, scientific evidence regarding their effects remains limited. The aim of this review was to analyze the metabolic impact and anthropometric changes associated with following detox diets in adults, focusing on variables such as body weight, body composition, and selected metabolic parameters. A systematic review of the literature was conducted following PRISMA methodology. A search was carried out in scientific databases, applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twelve articles published between 2014 and 2024 were included, comprising interventional clinical trials, observational studies, and review articles. The results showed that detox diets are associated with short-term reductions in body weight, mainly as a consequence of energy restriction, and attributed more to reductions in body fluids and fat-free mass than to adipose tissue. Although reductions in body mass index and waist circumference were observed, there were no consistent changes across studies. Regarding metabolic parameters, some studies reported transient improvements in glucose and lipid profile, which did not persist after discontinuing the diet. This indicates that detox diets produce temporary metabolic and anthropometric effects, without demonstrating sustained health benefits, highlighting the need to promote balanced nutritional interventions grounded in scientific evidence.