Determinantes Sociales de la Salud Materna y Perinatal

Maternal and perinatal health constitutes a fundamental indicator of the health and social development of countries, as it reflects the accessibility, quality, and timeliness of health services during pregnancy, childbirth, and the neonatal period. Despite the progress achieved worldwide, maternal mortality continues to represent a significant public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This article analyzes the relationship between the social determinants of health and maternal and perinatal outcomes, considering international epidemiological evidence and the specific context of Mexico. From a theoretical approach based on the conceptual framework of the World Health Organization on social determinants of health, the structural and intermediate factors influencing maternal morbidity and mortality are examined. The results of the review show that variables such as poverty, educational level, access to health services, working conditions, gender-based violence, and social support networks play a relevant role in obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Likewise, persistent inequalities are identified among regions, socioeconomic groups, and rural and urban contexts. It is concluded that improving maternal and perinatal health requires comprehensive interventions aimed not only at strengthening health services but also at reducing the social inequities that influence women’s health during pregnancy and childbirth.