Revisión bibliográfica y aspectos clínicos de la vía intraósea en aves con deshidratación severa

Objective: The literature review aimed to analyze the available scientific evidence on the use of the intraosseous route in birds. Its clinical applicability and advantages in managing severe dehydration and in avian emergency medicine were evaluated. Emphasis was placed on anatomical and physiological foundations, insertion techniques, types of fluids and medications that can be administered, and associated complications. Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive, and documentary study was conducted, based on the search, collection, selection, and critical analysis of scientific articles and specialized books, organizing the relevant contributions by clinical and procedural axes. Results: The reviewed literature indicated that the intraosseous route constituted an effective alternative when peripheral intravenous access was difficult or unfeasible, owing to its rapid therapeutic availability for fluids and medications in hypoperfusion scenarios. The distal ulna and proximal tibia were identified as preferred sites due to their accessibility and lower anatomical risk, while the use of pneumatic bones and the femoral trochanteric fossa was discouraged. Additionally, the need for strict asepsis, proper fixation, and periodic monitoring was emphasized, considering the catheter’s limited indwelling time and the risk of extravasation, pain, fractures, local infections, and osteomyelitis. Conclusions: The review achieved its proposed objective and provided a practical guide for clinical decision-making in critically ill avian patients; however, it was recommended to reinforce technical training and monitoring of the insertion site, as well as to promote species-specific studies that standardize protocols, site-selection criteria, and safety measures according to species and clinical conditions.