Impacto de la técnica y frecuencia de cepillado dental en la prevalencia de gingivitis en adolescentes

Objective: The objective of this study was to systematically analyze the available scientific evidence on the combined impact of brushing technique and frequency on the prevalence of gingivitis in adolescents. This is due to its relevance as a public health problem, given its high frequency and potential for progression if not addressed promptly. Methodology: A systematic literature review with a documentary approach was conducted following PRISMA 2020, using research in Dimensions.ai and SCOPUS. Seventy-one records were identified, and duplicates and irrelevant records were removed. Finally, 31 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, organizing the data extraction into matrices by country, design, sample size, brushing variables, and gingival indicators. Results: The findings showed a high prevalence of gingivitis in most of the contexts reviewed and a consistent association between less frequent brushing and poorer gingival indicators; however, it was also observed that greater regularity did not guarantee better outcomes when technique was deficient, with plaque persistence and gingival bleeding evident even in adolescents who reported frequent brushing. Additionally, school-based interventions, interactive educational programs, and digital strategies showed improvements in gingival health and dental plaque, although results varied depending on duration, follow-up, and participation. Conclusions: Overall, the evidence indicated that brushing frequency was a relevant factor. However, technique served as a critical component in achieving effective biofilm control and reducing gingival inflammation. Therefore, preventive programs should prioritize standardized technical training, supervision, and sustained reinforcement, complemented by digital tools when clinical monitoring mechanisms are available. Additionally, it is recommended that future research implement longitudinal designs with homogeneous diagnostic criteria and combined measurement of technique and frequency.