HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL BRASILEIRA: CONQUISTAS E RESISTÊNCIAS NO CENÁRIO ESCOLAR

This article analyzes the historical trajectory of sex education in the Brazilian school context, highlighting its benefits and contemporary challenges. From its origins in the medical-hygienist discourse of the early twentieth century to the current guidelines of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), a constant tension between progressive educational proposals and conservative resistance is evident. The school emerges as a strategic space for addressing sexuality in an integral manner, contributing to the biopsychosocial development of children and adolescents, the prevention of early pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and the fight against sexual violence. However, the restriction of the approach to predominantly biological aspects within the BNCC represents a setback in relation to current social and educational demands. It is concluded that the effective implementation of critical, plural, and emancipatory sex education requires investment in continuous teacher training, the development of appropriate pedagogical materials, and the strengthening of dialogue between school, family, and society.