ᲡᲐᲛᲔᲪᲜᲘᲔᲠᲝ ᲤᲐᲜᲢᲐᲡᲢᲘᲙᲐ, ᲠᲝᲒᲝᲠᲪ ᲚᲘᲢᲔᲠᲐᲢᲣᲠᲣᲚᲘ ᲛᲝᲕᲚᲔᲜᲐ: ᲗᲔᲝᲠᲘᲐ, ᲘᲡᲢᲝᲠᲘᲐ, ᲘᲜᲢᲔᲠᲞᲠᲔᲢᲐᲪᲘᲔᲑᲘ

This article examines the specificity of the science fiction genre, its theoretical approaches, and its literary-historical context. Particular attention is given to the historical evolution of science fiction and its theoretical perspectives. The study conceptualizes science fiction as a literary phenomenon. It traces the genre’s historical development from early mythology and folktales to its contemporary forms, emphasizing the impact of technological progress. The article analyzes various theoretical approaches to the classification and interpretation of fiction, including the scholarly contributions of Umberto Eco, Yuri Lotman, Tzvetan Todorov, and others regarding the theoretical definition of the genre. The discussion highlights the role of writers in anticipating scientific advancements and explores the diversity of subgenres such as fantasy, dystopia, alternative history, cyberpunk, and more. Ultimately, the paper elucidates the function of fiction as an artistic form that not only forecasts the future but also critically engages with the present and constructs alternative realities.