This Is not Sufficient to Establish Scientific Truth
Abstract
Empirical evidence and logical evidence demonstrate that most physical experiment results in electromagnetism, electrodynamics as long as in Maxwell's equations are only sufficient to verify the validity of the physical experiments themselves, but not sufficient to establish scientific truths.That is, the following fundamental laws and fundamental theories lack sufficient verification.This is why they fail to capture the true electromagnetic nature of the world and do not hold true.These fundamental laws and fundamental theories are: Oersted's law of electromagnetism which states that a current-carrying conductor generates a circular magnetic field surrounding the conductor, Ampère's force law which states that a current-carrying conductor experiences a force in a magnetic field, Faraday's law of motional electromotive force which states that a conductor cutting through magnetic field lines generates an electromotive force, Lorentz force law which states that a moving charge experiences a force in a magnetic field, Biot-Savart law which provides a method to calculate the magnetic field at a point in space generated by a steady electric field, Ampère's circuital law, Ampère-Maxwell's law, Maxwell's conclusion that the component of a closed loop generating electromotive force and electric current due to a change in magnetic flux in the closed loop generates electromotive force and the electromotive force of the closed loop as a whole is equal to the integral of the electromotive force generated by the components of the closed loop, Faraday's conclusion that an open coil with the change of magnetic flux in it produces an electromotive force, and Maxwell's conclusion that a changing magnetic field forms a changing electric field in an empty space, that is, a vortex electric field in an empty space.In addition, this study also clarifies that: If a physical law X (or natural science theory X) is extracted from a physical experiment A, the reproducibility of the physical experiment A is only sufficient to verify the validity of the physical experiment A itself, but not sufficient to verify the validity of the physical law X, and at least one more physical experiment B should be designed and conducted to verify the validity of the physical law X.The physical experiment B must fully meet the requirements of the physical law X, but the physical experiment B must be completely different in terms of experimental composition from the physical experiment A. If the results of the physical experiment B are still consistent with the explanation of the physical law X, then the physical law X can be considered to be scientific truth.Otherwise, the physical law X is not sufficient to be scientific truth.If the physical experiment B cannot be found, then the physical law X can be considered to be temporarily true, but if the physical experiment B is found one day, it should still be verified as such.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Electrical and Electromagnetic Research
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Journal of STEM
- Publication date
- 10 February 2026
- Language
- EN