Assessment of Critical Factors in Seaport Digital Transformation Using a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process

The paper presents a methodological approach to identifying and prioritizing the factors influencing the digital transformation of seaports. Based on an expert survey interpreted through the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP), the study consolidates the opinions of specialists representing port administrations, logistics companies, and research institutions. The analysis focuses on four groups of factors — technological, economic, organizational, and institutional — that determine the effectiveness of digital modernization. The results show that technological infrastructure and investment capacity are perceived as the main drivers of transformation, while organizational mechanisms ensure adaptability and coordination of digital processes. Institutional and regulatory support contributes to the long-term sustainability and alignment of digital transformation with national development strategies. The proposed approach provides a structured basis for evidence-based management and the formulation of investment priorities in the sustainable development of smart ports.