Developing Digital Competencies and Skills for the Economy of the Future: International and Russian Approaches

Digital transformation is radically reshaping the economy, education, and the labor market. Technological advances — including artificial intelligence, big data, and automation — are creating new demands for worker competencies. This article analyzes international (EU DigComp, UNESCO ICT Framework, OECD Skills Outlook) and Russian initiatives (Digital Professions, Digital Department, corporate universities) aimed at developing digital competencies as a strategic resource for human capital and sustainable development. The results show growing demand for both technical skills (programming, data analysis, cybersecurity, cloud technologies) and social digital competencies (critical thinking, creativity, digital communication). Forecasts by the World Economic Forum and McKinsey confirm structural changes in the labor market: increasing demand for digital and “green” professions alongside a decline in routine roles. However, key challenges remain, including digital inequality, insufficient teacher training, ethical concerns related to AI implementation, and dependence on international platforms. The study concludes that a multilevel strategy is required, involving the government, educational institutions, and businesses. Recommendations are proposed for harmonizing standards, developing infrastructure, integrating digital competencies into curricula, retraining teachers, and expanding corporate micro-qualifications.