Impact of Modernisation on the Socioeconomic and Living Conditions of Dongria Kondh, Chenchu, and Kondareddi PVTG

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) are some of the most marginalised groups in India. Pre-agricultural technology, low literacy, tiny populations, and a heavy reliance on forests typify them. This report looks closely at how modernisation—through things like building more infrastructure, making conservation rules, integrating markets, extractive industries, and government welfare programs—has affected the living conditions, economy, and culture of three PVTGs: the Dongria Kondh (Odisha), Chenchu (Telangana & Andhra Pradesh), and Kondareddi (Andhra Pradesh). The chi-square test for monthly household income distribution shows no statistically significant difference across the three tribes (χ² = 0.90, df = 4, p > .05). These findings suggest that age composition and income distribution are broadly comparable across the three PVTGs in the study sample.