From Newtonian Economics to Quantum Uncertainty: The Revolution Reshaping Economic Theory

The article explores the transition from “Newtonian Economics,” grounded in deterministic and linear models, toward a new condition referred to in the study as “Quantum Uncertainty.” Drawing upon the quantum revolution, it highlights how the technological, epistemological, and social dynamics of the 21st century are causing a profound rupture in the foundational assumptions of economic theory. The study argues that the quantum shift is not confined to computational power, but conceptually reconstructs the notions of information, uncertainty, risk, and prediction – rejecting the neutrality of observation and the rationality of Homo Economicus. At the same time, it addresses the uneven geopolitical distribution of computational supremacy and the emerging institutional asymmetry. The comparison between the two paradigms underscores the need for a new epistemological framework, an economic thought that embraces radical uncertainty, participatory information (open data, collective intelligence), and open, nonlinear models of economic reality.