Enhancing Quality Assurance in Higher Education through Blockchain: A Systematic Literature Review

Due to the positive impact on the security of information as well as trust، security، and transparency in various academic processes، blockchain technology has emerged as a prospective technology to improve quality assurance in higher education. This systematic review synthesizes more than 30 studies conducted between 2018 and 2025 on the application of blockchain technology for quality assurance in higher education. These trends include the application of blockchain for verification and management of academic credentials، administration، validation، impact of blockchain on ensuring quality، students’ information security، and design of academic systems based on blockchain technology. The texts reviewed unanimously discussed the advantages that include efficient service delivery، record accuracy، and tamper-proof systems. On the other hand، there are still challenges such as technical complexity، expensive costs، interoperability، and regulatory concerns of the country in question، particularly Afghanistan. The study analyzes applications from different areas، for instance، credential verification as opposed to online course quality and adaptation strategies of blockchain toward building blockchain ecosystems، illustrating gaps in the absence of standard frameworks integrating various disciplines and empirical studies. Blockchain technology could be fully utilized for quality assurance in higher education if integrated governance models and practical implementations were developed.