"The Role of Entrepreneurial Intensity in Enhancing Business Resilience of Manufacturing Companies Producing Construction Materials: Evidence from Kurdistan Region – Iraq"

This study examines the role of entrepreneurial intensity on business resilience amongst manufacturing firms producing construction materials within the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Using a deductive, quantitative, and survey strategy, information was collected through a questionnaire from 553 managers of the companies mentioned above; 416 questionnaires were deemed valid for analysis, indicating a response rate of 84.9%. These responses were analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Entrepreneurial intensity was assessed through two dimensions: the degree of entrepreneurship (innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness) and the frequency of entrepreneurship. business resilience was measured by organizational robustness, readiness, response, and recovery. Results provide a strong positive relationship between entrepreneurial intensity and business resilience, with proactiveness and innovativeness showing the strongest effects. This study contributes theoretically by conceptualizing entrepreneurial intensity as a multidimensional construct and practical implications for managers to strengthen resilience. Limitations include geographic scope, reliance on self-reported data, and the cross-sectional design. Future research should explore broader industry applications and longitudinal data.