Examining the Social and Environmental Risks of Small-Scale Mining in Barangay Pawa, Boac, Marinduque

Small-scale mining, often regarded as a vital source of livelihood for rural communities, can also impose significant environmental, health, and social risks. This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of small-scale mining in Barangay Pawa, Boac, Marinduque, focusing on stakeholder perceptions regarding mining operations, environmental degradation, health and safety, regulatory compliance, and economic contributions. Data was collected through surveys and interviews from 285 respondents, including miners, residents, local officials, and business owners, to explore the relationships between mining activities and associated social risks. The study finds that small-scale mining in Barangay Pawa results in severe environmental damage, including water contamination and deforestation, with considerable health risks such as respiratory diseases and skin conditions among miners and nearby residents. Additionally, the study highlights the disruption of local livelihoods, the displacement of families, and heightened community conflicts, all exacerbated by weak regulatory enforcement. The findings suggest that while small-scale mining provides short-term economic benefits, it often leads to economic instability and dependence on an unsustainable industry. Recommendations include strengthening regulatory frameworks, enforcing health and safety standards, and promoting economic diversification through sustainable livelihoods. The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to mitigate mining’s adverse effects while fostering long-term community resilience and sustainable development.