QUANTUM AND NANO-OPTICAL DEVICES

The integration of quantum phenomena with nanotechnology has transformed optical device engineering, enabling precise control of light–matter interactions at the nanoscale. This chapter explores the design, materials, and applications of quantum and nano-optical devices, emphasising structures such as quantum dots, nanowires, plasmonic nanoparticles, and metamaterials. These nanostructures enable enhanced emission, subwavelength light confinement, and tailored optical responses for applications in quantum communication, sensing, and photonic integration. Advancements in nanomaterials, including perovskites and two-dimensional semiconductors, have further improved the efficiency, flexibility, and miniaturisation of LEDs, lasers, and other optoelectronic systems. The chapter also discusses challenges related to scalability, stability, and toxicity, alongside ongoing innovations in nanofabrication that continue to expand the frontiers of quantum and nano-optical technologies toward sustainable, high-performance, and multifunctional applications.