Harmonization of National Legislation with International Treaties: Difficulties and Reform Directions

The research examines the state and problematic aspects of the incorporation of international treaties into the national legal system of Ukraine in the context of European integration. The study reveals the contradictions of constitutional and legal approaches to determining the place of ratified treaties in the system of sources of law. The methodological basis of the research is the analysis of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Legislation of Ukraine on international treaties, procedural codes and the Vienna Conventions. A comparative method was used to compare the Westminster and continental models of implementation. An integrative review of the case law of the Supreme Court of Ukraine, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union was carried out. A systemic and institutional analysis of the procedures of parliamentary control, government coordination and official promulgation of international treaties was used. A set of systemic solutions has been proposed: constitutional clarification of the priority of ratified treaties in the event of a normative conflict; consolidation of the principle of “friendly interpretation” for constitutional control. Codification of judicial standards of application (self-execution test, obligation to verify relevance, requirement to motivate refusal of direct application), formation of an open electronic register of treaties and official translations with implementation maps, and further introduction of preliminary “conventional” and “Euro-compatible” screening of draft laws. It has been substantiated that the institutionalization of the doctrine of friendly interpretation, the definition of a universal test of direct effect and the digitalization of the treaty body, combined with enhanced parliamentary oversight and preventive constitutional control, form a holistic model for the implementation of international treaties. The model will minimize regulatory conflicts, ensure the unification of judicial practice, increase the predictability of legal regulation and catalyze the process of Ukraine's integration into the legal space of the European Union.