Language simplification in online learning and cognitive load

Background:Online learning places students in learning environments that require independent processing of academic information through digital media. In this context, the linguistic complexity of learning materials may increase cognitive load, particularly when sentence structures, vocabulary, and information delivery are not aligned with learners’ processing capacities. Excessive cognitive load can hinder comprehension and reduce the effectiveness of online learning. However, empirical evidence regarding the role of language simplification in reducing students’ cognitive load remains limited and inconclusive. Aim:This study aims to examine the effect of language simplification in online learning on university students’ cognitive load. Method:A quantitative approach with a descriptive correlational design was employed. Data were collected from undergraduate students using a questionnaire measuring the level of language simplification in online learning materials and students’ perceived cognitive load. The instruments used a five-point Likert scale and had undergone validity and reliability testing. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression with SPSS version 26. Result:Descriptive analysis indicated that the level of language simplification in online learning was moderate, while students’ cognitive load ranged from moderate to high. Regression analysis revealed that language simplification had a negative effect on students’ cognitive load, although the magnitude of the effect was relatively moderate. These findings suggest that simplified language tends to reduce cognitive load, while other cognitive and contextual factors also contribute to students’ learning experiences. Conclusion:This study demonstrates that language simplification in online learning contributes to reducing students’ cognitive load, although its effect is not dominant. The findings highlight the importance of linguistic considerations in the design of online learning materials. This study provides important implications for the development of cognitively supportive online learning materials that enhance the efficiency of academic information processing.