Droop Based Power Management in Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Microgrid Peak Shaving

The challenge of managing peak electricity demand is becoming more pronounced owing to the rising consumption of electricity, which leads to a mismatch between supply and demand. This research explores the implementation of energy management systems (EMS) and the integration of microgrids (MGs) with utility grids as key strategies for achieving electric peak shaving. This study investigates the functioning of demand-side management (DSM) in conjunction with hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) that utilize supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries under varying load conditions. In this study, a control strategy for droop voltage regulation of the DC bus voltage in MGs is proposed, which is affected by renewable energy sources that are geographically dispersed and intermittently available. The proposed approach was validated through comprehensive simulations under diverse conditions and compared with the baseline methods. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed method improves the voltage stability, prolongs the battery life, and enhances the dynamic response time. The evaluation of India's power sector includes an in-depth analysis of the country's electricity supply and illustrates the application of DSM in real-world peak-load management scenarios.