Modeling Spectroscopic Systems Using Electric Circuit and Network Analysis Principles

Spectroscopic measurement systems rely on physical light–matter interactions to extract information about materials, whereas electrical detection and signal-conditioning stages convert this information into usable signals. In electronic and communication systems, these stages are typically analysed using circuit- and network-level models; however, they are often treated as secondary in spectroscopic analysis. This work examines spectroscopic systems from an Electric Circuit and Network Analysis (ECNA) perspective while remaining grounded in the underlying physical processes that govern optical sensing and semiconductor- based detection. The measured spectrum is treated as the output of a frequency-dependent system driven by an optical excitation, allowing standard circuit concepts such as transfer functions, bandwidth, and impedance to be applied. A parametric study illustrates how physically originated device parameters influence system response and limit usable bandwidth. The analysis suggests that combining physical insight with ECNA-based modelling can provide practical design understanding for spectroscopic instrumentation and support a unified view of physics, devices, and electrical networks in modern ECE systems.