Verification of Glypican 4 and Hormonal Changes in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Case-Control Study

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is commonly linked to insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances. Early diagnosis improves outcomes. Objectives: This study examined the relationship between serum glypican-4 (GPC4) levels and sex hormones in women with PCOS. Methods: In this case-control study, 40 healthy women who were age-matched to the PCOS patients were selected as the control group, while 100 women with PCOS between the ages of 15 and 45 took part. The study was carried out through a survey conducted in the outpatient department of Kirkuk General Hospital from September to December 2024. The Rotterdam criteria are used to diagnose PCO in patients. Before and after therapy, the body mass index is calculated. Using an ELISA kit and the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique, the amount of glycocan-4 in human serum was determined. Serum levels of the sex hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL) were measured using an automated biochemical analyzer. Results: The PCOS group human Glypican-4 levels and serum levels of sex hormones (LH, FSH, and PRL) were significantly (p