COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONAL DRAINAGE METHODS IN MECHANICAL YELLOW

Obstructive jaundice represents a critical clinical condition requiring urgent decompression of the biliary system. The development and implementation of minimally invasive technologies for bile duct drainage have revolutionized the management of this pathology, offering reduced morbidity, shorter hospital stays, and improved quality of life compared to traditional open surgical approaches. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the clinical rationale for minimally invasive bile duct drainage procedures, including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with biliary stenting, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD). The efficacy, safety profiles, technical success rates, and patient outcomes of these interventions are examined through current evidence-based literature. Particular attention is given to patient selection criteria, procedural indications, contraindications, and algorithm-based approaches to drainage method selection. The article also addresses complications management and quality of life considerations following minimally invasive interventions. Current data demonstrate that minimally invasive drainage techniques achieve technical success rates of 85-95 percent with acceptable complication rates of 5-15 percent, significantly lower than open surgical alternatives. The integration of these technologies into clinical practice has transformed obstructive jaundice management from primarily surgical to interventional, with surgery reserved for cases where minimally invasive approaches have failed or are contraindicated.