OPTIMIZATION OF DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF BENIGN OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE

Background. Benign obstructive jaundice (BOJ) remains one of the most pressing problems in modern surgery and radiology. The increasing incidence of cholelithiasis, the growing number of surgical interventions on the biliary tract, and the associated iatrogenic injuries to the biliary system contribute to the high prevalence of this pathology. Timely diagnosis and selection of optimal treatment strategies largely determine the prognosis and quality of life for patients. Objective: to improve the outcomes of comprehensive treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice through the priority application of minimally invasive technologies based on modern radiological diagnostic methods. Materials and Methods. The study included 428 patients with obstructive jaundice treated from 2015 to 2024 at the Departments of Surgical Diseases and Radiology of Samarkand State Medical University based at the multidisciplinary clinic of SamSMU. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examination, including ultrasound with Doppler imaging, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Results. A comprehensive diagnostic algorithm was developed to determine the etiology of obstructive jaundice and the degree of hepatic insufficiency. Doppler studies revealed a significant decrease in maximum blood flow velocity in the portal vein by 1.3 and 1.7 times in obstructive jaundice class B and C, respectively. The application of differentiated surgical tactics using minimally invasive decompressive interventions contributed to a reduction in the rate of postoperative complications from 26.6% to 19.5% and mortality from 6.5% to 4.05%. Conclusion. A comprehensive approach to diagnosing obstructive jaundice using modern radiological methods and a differentiated treatment strategy with priority use of minimally invasive technologies can improve treatment outcomes for this category of patients.