ATOPIC DERMATITIS AND ITS ALLERGIC POLYMORPHISMS IN CHILDREN: ANALYSIS OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

This study comprehensively investigated the clinical course of atopic dermatitis in children, focusing on the interplay between genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors. The research included 120 children aged 3 to 12 years. The main group comprised patients diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, while the control group consisted of healthy children. Clinical assessment was performed using the SCORAD index, and laboratory evaluations measured total IgE and eosinophil levels. Molecular-genetic analysis examined polymorphisms in the filaggrin, IL-4, and IL-13 genes. The results revealed that children with atopic dermatitis had significantly elevated IgE levels and eosinophilia, and certain genetic variants were associated with more severe disease. Environmental factors such as household allergens, air pollution, and formula feeding were identified as important contributors to symptom manifestation. When genetic predisposition and environmental exposure acted together, disease severity increased notably. These findings confirm the multifactorial nature of atopic dermatitis and emphasise the need for early diagnosis, individualised management, and preventive strategies.