Strategies for Minimizing Technical and Technological Issues of Introducing Renewable Energy Sources into Emerging Energy Systems

This article examines the technical and technological risks of integrating renewable energy sources (RES) through a bibliometric analysis of Scopus data (2010–2025) using VOSviewer. It is found that the scientific community views RES integration risks not as local failures, but as systemic network properties requiring optimization under uncertainty. Three key clusters are identified: technical and technological, environmental, and managerial. Risk mitigation strategies are systematized, including the use of AI for forecasting, energy storage systems, and grid-forming technologies. Using the example of the Karabakh region of Azerbaijan, it is shown that for emerging energy systems with a share of RES exceeding 50%, these strategies should be implemented at the initial design stage. The paper substantiates the transition from fragmented solutions to a holistic architecture for digital energy grid management.