Computational investigation of the influence of landslide-related conditions on resultant overtopping waves

The landslide-induced overtopping waves possesses the potential to release significant energy, presenting a severe hazard to infrastructures and human lives downstream. To gain insight into the complex dynamics of landslide-wave-bed interactions, this study systematically investigates the relationship between landslide-related influential factors and the characteristics of resultant overtopping waves with different bed connection schemes. The validated Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) framework is applied to simulate 58 well-designed scenarios, incorporating varying bed connection schemes and diverse influential factors such as landslide size, position, density, dam slope angle, slope-to-dam distance, and initial water depth. Results indicate that the landslide position exerts minimal influence on overtopping waves, whereas the initial water depth and landslide size demonstrate a significant impact. The presented SPH framework improve understanding of landslide-induced overtopping waves, providing a valuable guide for disaster prevention and mitigation efforts.