The Impact of Anti-Corruption Measures and Human Resource Effectiveness in Combating Corruption, and the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility Dimensions in Achieving Sustainable Development: An Applied Study Using Artificial Intelligence (Bayes' Theore

To test the impact of anti-corruption measures, human resource effectiveness, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the sustainability of economic institutions. To test the study's hypotheses, we used data from 45 institutions listed on the Gulf and Iraqi stock exchanges, covering the period from 2014 to 2022. We applied the generalized method of moments (GMM) and Bayesian methods for a more thorough analysis of the results. The study revealed that human resource effectiveness—in terms of skills, training, and engagement—is a key factor in preventing manifestations of institutional corruption. Furthermore, it indicated that the systematic and sustainable implementation of CSR programs contributes to improving an organization's reputation, increasing employee retention, and optimizing performance—all of which directly enhance sustainability. This study uniquely tests the importance of human resource effectiveness and corporate social responsibility (including environmental, social, and governance aspects) in preventing corruption and achieving sustainability using artificial intelligence.