Social Capital in Developing Harmonious Coexistence: A Multicultural Islamic Education Perspective in Balun Village, Turi, Lamongan, Indonesia

Balun Village is renowned for its unique religious diversity, where Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism coexist peacefully. This harmonious coexistence has earned it the title “Pancasila Village.” The daily life of the community reflects strong synergy in fostering tolerance, mutual respect, and social harmony. This study adopts a qualitative ethnographic approach, employing participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation for data collection. Informants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods. The data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The findings indicate that the social capital contributing to interreligious harmony in Balun Village includes: (1) familial ties, (2) trust in village leadership, (3) interfaith cooperation among religious leaders, (4) adherence to shared norms, (5) intercommunity social networks, and (6) a spirit of reciprocity rooted in recognition, kinship, and brotherhood. Furthermore, the values of multicultural Islamic education embedded in the community include democracy, tolerance (tasamuh), religious moderation (tawasuth), and mutual assistance (ta’awun). These values are reinforced through collective cooperation, transparency, trust-building, honesty, mutual understanding, and shared concern among community members.