Exploratory Analysis on Computer-Assisted Smart Spine Surgery using AR/VR Technology through Remote Telesurgery via 5G/6G

Purpose: The purpose of this research analysis is to evaluate the technical feasibility and systemic impact of integrating AR/VR and 6G technology into remote spine surgery. The study specifically investigates how these advancements can enhance surgical precision while democratizing access to elite medical expertise in underserved regions. Additionally, it utilizes strategic frameworks like SWOC and ABCD to identify infrastructural barriers and assess the value propositions for all healthcare stakeholders. Design/Methodology: This exploratory case study is based on data gathered from reliable sources such as websites, Google Scholar, and AI-driven GPT tools, and is examined using suitable analytical frameworks aligned with the study’s objectives. Result/Analysis: The analysis reveals that integrating AR/VR with 5G/6G-enabled telesurgery significantly enhances surgical precision, visualization, and real-time decision-making in complex spine procedures. It demonstrates strong potential in reducing complications, radiation exposure, and bridging the global expertise gap through remote intervention capabilities. However, the findings also highlight critical challenges such as latency sensitivity, high infrastructure costs, and medico-legal complexities that must be addressed for large-scale adoption. Research Limitations/Implications: The study is limited by its reliance on qualitative, review-based analysis without empirical clinical validation, which may restrict the generalizability of findings across real-world surgical settings. The implications suggest a strong need for future experimental research, standardized regulatory frameworks, and robust infrastructure development to enable safe and scalable adoption of 6G-enabled remote spine surgery. Originality/Value: The study offers originality by integrating AR/VR, robotic spine surgery, and emerging 5G/6G connectivity into a unified “Smart Surgery” framework, supported by strategic models like SWOC and ABCD for comprehensive evaluation. Its value lies in proposing a futuristic, borderless healthcare model that not only enhances surgical precision but also addresses global disparities in access to specialized spine care. Type of paper: Qualitative Exploratory Review-Based Analysis.