Sleep and Its Cardiovascular and Cognitive Influences in the Academic Environment

Abstract Introduction: Sleep is a vital physiological process essential for memory consolidation, cognitive performance, and the regulation of cardiovascular functions. Students in health sciences programs constitute a population particularly susceptible to sleep disturbances due to heavy academic workloads, irregular schedules, and psychosocial stressors. Objective: To investigate the relationship between sleep patterns, academic performance, and cardiovascular risk factors among health sciences students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 349 students enrolled in Medicine, Psychology, and Nursing programs. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Anthropometric data, including weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured. Statistical analyses comprised descriptive and inferential methods. Results: A high prevalence of poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness was identified. Sleep quality was significantly associated with academic performance (p = 0.003). Male sex, smoking, and higher body mass index (BMI) were also correlated with poorer sleep patterns. Conclusion: Poor sleep quality adversely affects academic performance and is associated with cardiovascular risk factors. The implementation of institutional strategies aimed at promoting sleep hygiene and providing psychosocial support is recommended to mitigate these impacts.