Unraveling the Phylogenetic Complexities of Ischyropsalis C.L. Koch, 1839 (Opiliones: Dyspnoi: Ischyropsalididae) in the North Iberian Peninsula, with the description of three new species

Abstract Ischyropsalis is a genus of harvestmen inhabiting both terrestrial and caves in central and southern Europe. The accepted number of species is controversial due to feature similarities and their strong sexual dimorphism. The northern part of the Iberian Peninsula harbours 11 accepted taxa, four of which are terrestrial, while the other seven exclusively live in caves. Some of these species have not been included in the only phylogenetic study conducted on this genus, so their taxonomic status has not been evaluated yet. In this context, we aim to unravel the phylogenetic relationships among the taxa within this genus, from the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula, by conducting morphological and phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (EF1-α) molecular markers. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three previously undescribed species from karst caves in Cantabria and Asturias, herein described as I. damiani sp. nov., I. impressa sp. nov. and I. aguerana sp. nov.