Integrative analysis of Myrcene’s lipase inhibition and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in human monocytic cells

Abstract Myrcene (MCN), a monoterpene commonly present in essential oils of aromatic plants, was investigated for its dual role in modulating lipid metabolism and inflammation in human monocytic THP-1 cells. MCN was first evaluated for its ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase activity, followed by cytotoxicity screening to determine non-toxic working concentrations. Its anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by measuring TNF-α gene expression and secretion in LPS-stimulated cells using qRT-PCR and ELISA, while NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation was examined through immunofluorescence. The influence of MCN on macrophage differentiation was further determined in PMA-treated THP-1 cells. MCN significantly reduced pancreatic lipase activity and suppressed inflammatory responses by downregulating TNF-α, TLR2, and MIP-1, alongside preventing NF-κB p65 nuclear migration. Molecular docking supported these findings by confirming favorable interactions of MCN with the catalytic pocket of lipase and the nuclear localization region of NF-κB. Collectively, this study identifies MCN as a promising multitarget natural compound with potential therapeutic application in metabolic and inflammation-associated disorders.