Diverging trajectories of cardiorenal protection: from early benefit to late attenuation with multifactorial target achievement across cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages

Abstract Background The extent to which achieving multiple metabolic treatment targets confers sustained cardiorenal protection across all stages of cardiovascular - kidney - metabolic (CKM) syndrome remains uncertain. Methods This multicenter retrospective cohort study used data from the China Renal Data System (CRDS). Participants were classified into CKM stages 1–4. Metabolic target achievement was defined as simultaneous control of blood pressure (BP