Multi-expert consensus annotations of spontaneous and stimulation-induced seizures in stereotactic EEG

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Authors: William K.S. Ojemann, Daniel J. Zhou, Catherine V. Kulick‐Soper, Jacob Korzun, Joshua J. LaRocque, Caren Armstrong, Benjamin C Kennedy, Sudha Kilaru Kessler, Eric D. Marsh, Nishant Kumar Sinha, Brian Litt, Erin C. Conrad
Cited by: 2
References: 28

Abstract

Automated seizure detection and localization from intracranial EEG requires validated benchmark datasets with expert annotations, yet existing open datasets lack multi-expert consensus annotations and exclude stimulation-induced seizures. We present stereotactic EEG recordings from 83 seizures (46 spontaneous, 37 stimulation-induced) across 32 patients (19 from the University of Pennsylvania, 13 from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia) with drug-resistant epilepsy. Three board-certified epileptologists independently annotated each seizure for onset time, onset channels, and channels seizing at 10 seconds post-onset using a standardized protocol. Consensus annotations were determined through majority voting. Inter-rater agreement was κ = 0.64 for onset channels and κ = 0.62 for spread channels. Individual rater agreement with consensus was κ = 0.81 for onset and κ = 0.80 for spread. Agreement metrics did not differ between spontaneous and stimulation-induced seizures. All data follow Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) standards and include electrode localizations, patient demographics, and clinical outcomes. This dataset enables the validation of seizure onset and spread detection and localization against human expert performance and supports comparative analysis of seizure networks across spontaneous and stimulation-induced seizures.

Fields of Study & Subjects

EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces Epilepsy research and treatment Functional Brain Connectivity Studies

Publication details

Journal / source
medRxiv
Publisher
openRxiv
Publication date
21 January 2026
Language
EN
Document type
Preprint