Inflammation is the Driver of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria Change in Interleukin10 Knockout Mice

ABSTRACT Background Alterations of gut microbiota have been implicated in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Specifically, patients with IBD show the reduced levels of gut bacteria to produce butyrate, a crucial metabolite for maintaining gut homeostasis, along with decreased levels of fecal butyrate. However, there is limited research on changes in butyrate-producing bacteria at various taxonomic levels during the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Results We investigated the changes of butyrate-producing bacteria in interleukin10 knockout mice, a suitable IBD model, as these mice require gut microbiota to develop spontaneous chronic colitis. Our findings indicate increased inflammation and a metabolic shift from butyrate oxidation toward glycolysis in 9-week-old interleukin10 knockout mice. Furthermore, we observed significant changes in two terminal enzymes involved in butyrate production: a significant increase of butyrate kinase and a significant decrease of butyryl-CoA:acetate-CoA-transferase. These observations align with an increased abundance of Coprococcus comes , which utilizes butyrate kinase, and a decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii that utilizes butyryl-CoA:acetate-CoA-transferase. Moreover, reduced levels of acetate, a necessary co-substrate for butyryl-CoA:acetate-CoA-transferase activity, were observed in interleukin10 knockout mice. Conclusions These findings enhance our understanding of changes in butyrate-producing bacteria populations at various taxonomic levels, ranging from phylum to gene level in 9-week-old interleukin10 knockout mice. Furthermore, these data suggest a potential for diagnosing IBD at an early stage by analyzing the composition of butyrate-producing bacteria.