Activities of aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica on phenylhydrazine-induced hematopathological changes in anemic male wistar rats

Abstract Introduction Drug Induced Hemolytic Anemia (DIHA), following exposure to hematopathologically profound molecules, presents with variable clinical syndromes, misinterpreted serological results, misdiagnosis, challenging and controversial treatment; and no specific antihemolytic agent. Its treatment could be enhanced by use of natural molecules in some medicinal plants. Therefore, this study is aimed to determination the activities of aqueous extract of T. indica on PHZ-induced hematopathological changes in anemic male Wistar rats . Materials and Methods 60mg/kg of Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) was administered for 2 days to induce hemolytic anemia intraperitoneally. 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, each with 6 rats. G 1 -untreated. Anemic rats were divided into G 2 - G 5 . G 2 -untreated, G 3 -treated with 1mL Ferro B syrup, G 4 and G 5 treated with 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg of T. indica pulp extract respectively. Test drug and extract were orally administered daily for 7 and 14 days respectively. Cases in G 2 - G 5 were sacrificed under light ether anesthesia on days 9 and 16 post-therapy, G 1 at the end of the experimental period. Blood collected via cardiac puncture were subjected for Red Blood Cells (RBC) histopathology, serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and reticulocyte counts. The femur was harvested for bone marrow Histopathology. Results PHZ induced hemolytic anemia marked by profound serum LDH elevation & reticulocytosis, marked RBC morphological distortions & bone marrow degenerative changes suggestive of marrow fibrosis & suppression. Marrow regeneration marked by hypercellularity & decreased adipocytes were evident of hematopoiesis induced by the 2 weeks test therapies; significant moderate populations of normal mature peripheral RBCs, serum LDH & reticulocyte % reduction were typical; consistent with significant recovery from the acute hemolytic episode. Conclusion T. indica fruit pulp extract effectively stimulated hematopoiesis in response to drug induced hemolytic effect on the hematopathologic parameters, with significant improvement from hemolytic anemia.