Diet-wide association study of foods and nutrients with hip fracture risk: a prospective cohort study of 27,318 incident cases among 541,887 postmenopausal women

Abstract Background Previous research on diet and hip fracture risk focused on selected foods and nutrients. Objective To conduct a diet-wide association study of hip fracture risk. Methods The study population comprised 541,887 postmenopausal women in the Million Women Study. Dietary information was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire in 2000-2004, and calibrated using a 24-hour dietary recall from a subset 10 years later. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between 99 dietary factors and risk of incident hip fracture, ascertained through linkage to hospital admission data. Results After an average of 19.7 years of follow-up, 27,318 incident hip fractures occurred. In multivariable-adjusted models, 60 dietary factors were associated with hip fracture risk after correction for multiple testing (False Discovery Rate p-value