The Potential Effect of Vitamin D Supplement on Selected Coagulability Predictors in Vape-Exposed Female Rats

Abstract Background Vaping and vitamin D deficiency impact blood coagulation and health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on coagulation predictors in female rats exposed to E-cigarette vaping. Objective To examine the effect of vaping alone and vaping with different VD doses on some coagulation predictors, lungs, liver, and kidney functions Methods Forty-two female Wistar rats were divided into six groups, including vaping and non-vaping with high (50,000 IU) and low (1000 IU) vitamin D doses. Blood samples and histopathological analyses were conducted after one and three months. Nicotine, cotinine, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer, coagulation factor X (FX), thrombomodulin (TM), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), and Creatinine levels were analyzed. Additionally, histopathological analyses were conducted on the rats’ liver, kidney, and lung. Results Exposing rats to vaping for one month caused a significant acute increase in D-dimer, FX, and TM levels to 4402.05 ng/mL ± 785.15, 1.8687 μg/mL ± 0.3132, and 34.71 ng/mL ± 8.42, respectively. However, after three months of exposure, those levels decreased significantly compared to the one-month levels. Supplementation of the vape-exposed rats with a high vitamin D dose reduced levels of IL-6, D-dimer, FX, and TM levels to become 93.285 pg/mL ± 12.715, 439.95 ng/mL ± 294.05, 0.647 μg/mL, and 17.375 ng/mL ± 3.895, respectively, at the end of the three months. Moreover, vaping rats supplemented with the low and high doses of vitamin D had significantly lower nicotine and cotinine levels than the EC group, with a p-value of