Efficacy Of Connective Tissue Graft Versus Titanium Papillary Inserts in the Surgical Reconstruction of Interdental Papilla: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

ABSTRACT Aim and Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of titanium inserts for interdental papilla reconstruction, comparing it with the Han and Takei technique using subepithelial connective tissue grafts. The objectives included assessing the black triangle height, papilla height and papilla presence index (PPI) at baseline, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively along with the evaluation of Early Wound Healing Score (EHS) during the first week of post operative healing period. Patients and Methods This single-blind randomized clinical trial included systemically healthy individuals aged 18–35 years with Nordland and Tarnow’s Class I–III papillary loss. A total of 18 participants were randomly assigned to either test group or control group. Clinical parameters were measured pre- and post-operatively at specified intervals. Both groups received standard presurgical care and postoperative follow-up. The surgical protocol for the test group involved titanium insert placement in the interdental bone, while the control group received a connective tissue graft using the Han and Takei method. Results Both groups showed significant intragroup improvements in all parameters from baseline to 1 and 3 months (p