A retinotopic wiring principle of the human brain

A central challenge in neuroscience is to understand how anatomical connectivity links neural representations to behavior. In sensory systems, cortical areas encode structured maps of the external world, yet it remains unclear whether and how this representational geometry constrains long-range connectivity in the living human brain. Here, we show that structural connectivity in the human visual cortex preserves retinotopic organization, revealing a retinotopic wiring principle; cortical regions representing the same locations in visual space preferentially connect. Across more than 1,700 participants spanning ages 2 to 88 years, we further show that well-known perceptual asymmetries correspond to systematic asymmetries in connectivity within early visual cortex, but not in connections linking visual cortex to the rest of the brain. We introduce a scalable approach to map retinotopic connectivity when tractography alone is unreliable. Together, these findings demonstrate that anatomical connectivity preserves the geometry of neural representations, providing a general principle linking brain structure, function, and behavior.